Crude oil means a mixture of hydrocarbons that exists in liquid phase in natural underground reservoirs and remains liquid at atmospheric pressure after passing through surface separating facilities. Drip gases, and liquid hydrocarbons produced from tar sands, oil sands, gilsonite, and oil shale. Crude oil is refined to produce a wide array of petroleum products, including heating oils; gasoline, diesel and jet fuels; lubricants; asphalt; ethane, propane, and butane; and many other products used for their energy or chemical content.
These properties include boiling point, density, viscosity, molecular type composition (paraffin, naphthene, aromatic content), elemental analysis, sulfur and metal contents, freezing point, carbon residue, pour point, flash point, cloud point, vapor pressure, flammability range, wax and asphaltene contents, octane number, cetane number, aniline point, and carbon-to-hydrogen ratio.
Naphtha, any of various volatile, highly flammable liquid hydrocarbon mixtures used chiefly as solvents and diluents and as raw materials for conversion to gasoline. Alchemists used the word principally to distinguish various mobile liquids of low boiling point, including certain ethers and esters.
In modern usage the word naphtha is usually accompanied by a distinctive prefix. Coal-tar naphtha is a volatile commercial product obtained by the distillation of coal tar. Shale naphtha is obtained by the distillation of oil produced from bituminous shale by destructive distillation. Petroleum naphtha is a name used primarily in the United States for petroleum distillate containing principally aliphatic hydrocarbons and boiling higher than gasoline and lower than kerosene. These properties include Boiling Point, CAS Number, Density and EINECS Number.
Lubricating oil sometimes simply called lubricant/lube, is a class of oils used to reduce the friction, heat, and wear between mechanical components that are in contact with each other. Lubricating oil is used in motorized vehicles, where it is known specifically as motor oil and transmission fluid. There are two basic categories of lubricating oil: mineral and synthetic.
Oil condition monitoring program Oil is the lifeblood of the equipment and testing the oil helps in monitoring the health and performance of the equipment. In short "Maintenance of the Oil is the key to Maintenance of the Machinery". These properties include Boiling Point, Viscosity Index, Thermal stability and Resistance to oxidation.
Grease is a solid or semisolid lubricant formed as a dispersion of thickening agents in a liquid lubricant. Grease generally consists of a soap emulsified with mineral or vegetable oil. The function of grease is to remain in contact with and lubricate moving surfaces without king out under the force of gravity, centrifugal action or being squeezed out under pressure. Its major practical requirement is that it retains its properties under shear forces at all temperatures it experiences during use.
Greases are applied to mechanisms that can be lubricated only
infrequently and where a lubricating oil would not stay in position. They
also act as sealants to prevent ingress of water and incompressible materials. Grease-lubricated bearings have greater frictional characteristics because of their high viscosity.
Petroleum additives are compounds formulated to enhance the quality and efficiency of fuels used in motor vehicles. They increase a fuel's octane rating or act as corrosion inhibitors or lubricants, thus allowing the use of higher compression ratios for greater efficiency and power. Fuel additives can help to avoid problems such as rough idling, weak acceleration, stumbling and stalling.
Oil additives are vital for the proper lubrication and prolonged use of motor oil in modern internal combustion engines. Without
many of these, the oil would become contaminated, break down, leak out, or not properly protect engine parts at all operating temperatures. Just as important are additives for oils used inside gearboxes, automatic transmissions, and bearings. Some of the most important additives include those used for viscosity and lubricity, contaminant control, for the control of chemical breakdown, and for seal conditioning.
Bituminous materials are used for road construc roofing, waterproofing, and other applications. For the main application, which is road construction, the major concerns, as with concrete, are cost and durability. Asphalt bitumen is a binding organic material made from the by-products of refined crude oil. It is used in road construction because it is easy to produce, reusable, non-toxic, and a strong binder.
Bitumen is thermoplastic solids or semi-solids at ambient
temperature, i.e. they soften as the temperature increases and harden as the temperature decreases. At elevated temperature they behave as Newtonian liquids, the viscosity reducing with increasing temperature. The components containing the heteroatomic compounds can vary in content and characteristics in bitumens obtained from different crude sources.
A transformer is an electrical apparatus intended to alter current from one voltage to another. It can be designed to "step up" or "step down" voltages and works on the magnetic induction principle. Transformer Oil helps cool the Transformer.
Acid Number (Neutralization No.), Brake Down Voltage, Dissolved Gas Analysis, Furan Analysis and many more...
Transformer oil testing consists of measuring breakdown voltage and other physical and chemical properties of samples of the oil, either in a laboratory or using portable test equipment on-site.
Fuel oil is a fraction obtained from petroleum distillation. It includes distillates - the lighter fractions, and residues - the heavier fractions. The term fuel oil generally includes any liquid fuel that is burned in a furnace or boiler to generate heat, or used in an engine to generate power.
Fuel oil, also called furnace oil, fuel consisting mainly of residues from crude-oil distillation.
It is used primarily for steam boilers in power plants, aboard ships, and in industrial plants. Commercial fuel oils usually are blended with other petroleum fractions to produce the
desired viscosity and flash point.
Heating oil, also called fuel oil, is used in boilers and furnaces for heating homes
and buildings, for industrial heating, and for producing electricity in power plants.
